{"id":2442,"date":"2021-07-09T00:09:07","date_gmt":"2021-07-09T07:09:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/?p=2442"},"modified":"2022-03-30T16:47:47","modified_gmt":"2022-03-30T23:47:47","slug":"urin8-com-why-john-why","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/2021\/07\/urin8-com-why-john-why\/","title":{"rendered":"Urin8.com &#8211; Why John, Why?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Because this revolutionary process\/product needs a great name!<br \/>\nOur family has a cabin with a compost toilet. Urine is diverted to separate 5 gallon tanks and later discarded. The poop is mixed with peat and 2 years after composting in 45 gallon drums, it is the best potting soil you can imagine. But human urine contains a ton of nitrogen. Somehow, in the West, we are only now becoming aware of its value and how we can put it to use. Are you the startup bringing this to market? You need a name and Urin8 is perfect. Let&#8217;s talk!<\/p>\n<h3>We found a way to turn urine into solid fertiliser \u2013 it could make farming more sustainable<\/h3>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/367925\/original\/file-20201106-23-1uqu5iu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C0%2C3865%2C2575&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/gardener-blending-organic-fertiliser-humic-granules-1364887628\">Zlikovec\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/prithvi-simha-1141342\">Prithvi Simha<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/swedish-university-of-agricultural-sciences-1146\">Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences<\/a><\/em>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/bjorn-vinneras-1172392\">Bj\u00c3\u00b6rn Vinner\u00c3\u00a5s<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/swedish-university-of-agricultural-sciences-1146\">Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences<\/a><\/em>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/jenna-senecal-1171489\">Jenna Senecal<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/swedish-university-of-agricultural-sciences-1146\">Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s likely that most of the food you&#8217;ll eat today was not farmed sustainably.<\/p>\n<p>The global system of food production is the largest human influence on the planet&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/347\/6223\/1259855.abstract\">natural cycles<\/a> of nitrogen and phosphorus. How much crops can grow is limited by the amount of these two elements in the soil, so they&#8217;re applied as fertilisers.<\/p>\n<p>But the majority of fertilisers are either made by converting nitrogen in the air to ammonia, which alone consumes <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iipinetwork.org\/wp-content\/Ietd\/content\/ammonia.html#key-data\">2% of the world&#8217;s energy<\/a> and relies heavily on fossil fuels, or by mining finite resources, like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S095937800800099X\">phosphate rock<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/9781780401072\">A solution<\/a> to this problem could be much closer than people realise. Most of the nutrients we consume in food are passed in our urine, because our bodies already have enough. But instead of being recaptured, these nutrients are flushed, diluted, and sent to wastewater treatment plants where they&#8217;re scrubbed out, leaving effluents that can be safely released into the environment.<\/p>\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a8ab5f27f2ad0094386683' value='6a8ab5f27f2ad0094386683'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a8ab5f27f2ad0094386683' value='Show More'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a8ab5f27f2ad0094386683' value='Show Less'><button id='bg-showmore-action-6a8ab5f27f2ad0094386683' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-arrow '   style=\" color:inherit;\">Show More<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a8ab5f27f2ad0094386683' ><\/p>\n<p>The most nutrient-rich part of wastewater is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0960852409002806\">human urine<\/a>, which makes up less than 1% of the total volume but contains 80% of the nitrogen and 50% of the phosphorus. We discovered how to recycle this urine into valuable \u2013 and sustainable \u2013 farmland fertiliser.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/367922\/original\/file-20201106-13-8ngh5x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"A pair of gloved hands hold a pot containing a urine sample.\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Urine is surprisingly rich in the nutrients needed for growing food.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/preparation-urine-samples-laboratory-hospital-study-1257550750\">Tati9\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>How to recycle urine<\/h2>\n<p>You can capture urine with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treehugger.com\/urine-separating-toilets-are-not-quite-wonderful-we-keep-saying-they-are-4858530\">special toilets<\/a> that separate it from faeces after you flush. But because urine is mostly water, farmers would have to spread 15,000kg of it just to fertilise a hectare of land. If there was a way to remove the water and extract just the nutrients, farmers would only need to apply 400kg of it for the same effect.<\/p>\n<p>Evaporating the water from urine is surprisingly difficult, as urine is a complex chemical solution. Almost all of the valuable nitrogen in urine is in the form of urea, a chemical that is used as the world&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/nmsp.cals.cornell.edu\/publications\/factsheets\/factsheet80.pdf\">most commonly applied<\/a> nitrogen fertiliser.<\/p>\n<p>But a fast-acting enzyme called urease is invariably present inside wastewater pipes and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0043135418304457\">converts urea to ammonia<\/a>. When exposed to air, the ammonia quickly evaporates, taking the nitrogen from the urine with it and giving off a very pungent odour \u2013 think the stale urine smell of public toilets.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, we&#8217;ve discovered that <a href=\"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-abstract\/74\/6\/1436\/19385\">increasing the pH of urine<\/a> to make it alkaline ensures the urea doesn&#8217;t break down or end up smelling really bad. Using this technique, we&#8217;ve developed a process that can reduce the volume of urine and transform it into a solid fertiliser. We call this process <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B978044464309400009X\">alkaline urine dehydration<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366976\/original\/file-20201102-23-17rt15y.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366976\/original\/file-20201102-23-17rt15y.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"A petri dish full of a dry, soil-like powder.\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Some of the fertiliser produced by drying human urine.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Prithvi Simha<\/span>, <span class=\"license\">Author provided<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The idea behind it is rather simple. Fresh urine is collected from urinals or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2352710219308460\">specially designed toilets<\/a> and channelled into a dryer, where an alkalising agent, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969720328308\">calcium or magnesium hydroxide<\/a>, raises its pH. Any water in the now alkaline urine is evaporated and only the nutrients are left behind. We can even <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fenvs.2020.570637\/full\">condense the evaporated water<\/a> and reuse it for flushing toilets or washing hands.<\/p>\n<h2>A circular pee-conomy<\/h2>\n<p>Doing this is quite easy: you just fill a urine dryer with an alkalising agent, connect it to your toilet, pee as usual and the urine is converted into dried fertiliser. A smart design could even make the dryer fit below the toilet so it doesn&#8217;t take up a lot of bathroom space. While electricity would be needed for evaporating the water, the dryer could be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969717302796\">coupled with solar energy<\/a> to take its energy use off the grid.<\/p>\n<p>We estimate that it would cost just US$5 ( \u00a34.20) to supply an average family of four with a year&#8217;s supply of alkalising agent. The output from the dryer is a solid fertiliser containing 10% nitrogen, 1% phosphorus and 4% potassium \u2013 a similar combination to <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139313\">blended mineral fertilisers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/367238\/original\/file-20201103-15-qoz66f.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/367238\/original\/file-20201103-15-qoz66f.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Left: a scientist spreads fertiliser on soil. Right: the same area with short, green crops growing.\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Field trials on farmland outside Paris revealed that dried urine works as well as synthetic crop fertilisers.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Tristan Martin<\/span>, <span class=\"license\">Author provided<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.baus.org.uk\/museum\/164\/a_brief_history_of_the_flush_toilet\">The first flush toilet<\/a>, invented by Alexander Cummings in 1775, revolutionised sanitation. Drying urine could kickstart a second revolution in how we manage wastewater. If implemented worldwide, recycled urine could replace nearly a quarter of all the synthetic nitrogen fertiliser used in agriculture.<\/p>\n<p>But that would require <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B978044464309400009X\">a service chain<\/a> capable of supplying homes with alkalising agent, collecting the dried urine and processing it into fertiliser for farmers to use. A similar service chain already exists for the recycling of plastics, metals, paper and glass \u2013 dried urine could simply be another component.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366972\/original\/file-20201102-19-nvrah4.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366972\/original\/file-20201102-19-nvrah4.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"A world map highlighted to show where urine could replace more synthetic fertiliser use.\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Countries with large populations and low rates of fertiliser use are most suitable for replacing synthetic fertilisers with urine.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Prithvi Simha\/Datawrapper and FAOSTAT<\/span>, <span class=\"license\">Author provided<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S004896971730044X\">Research<\/a> suggests that people are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0043135418305384\">open to the idea<\/a> of recycling urine. A survey of nearly 3,800 people across 16 countries even revealed that people would buy and eat <a href=\"https:\/\/data.mendeley.com\/datasets\/kccc8m9pn9\/1\">food grown using human urine<\/a>. With technology like this, ordinary people would have a safe and convenient way to make modern life more sustainable every time they go to the bathroom.<!-- Below is The Conversation&apos;s page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important;box-shadow: none !important;margin: 0 !important;max-height: 1px !important;max-width: 1px !important;min-height: 1px !important;min-width: 1px !important;opacity: 0 !important;padding: 0 !important\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/148877\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don&apos;t see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/prithvi-simha-1141342\">Prithvi Simha<\/a>, PhD Candidate in Environmental Engineering, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/swedish-university-of-agricultural-sciences-1146\">Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences<\/a><\/em>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/bjorn-vinneras-1172392\">Bj\u00c3\u00b6rn Vinner\u00c3\u00a5s<\/a>, Professor of Environmental Engineering, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/swedish-university-of-agricultural-sciences-1146\">Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences<\/a><\/em>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/jenna-senecal-1171489\">Jenna Senecal<\/a>, Postdoctoral Researcher in Environmental Engineering, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/swedish-university-of-agricultural-sciences-1146\">Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/we-found-a-way-to-turn-urine-into-solid-fertiliser-it-could-make-farming-more-sustainable-148877\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Because this revolutionary process\/product needs a great name! Our family has a cabin with a compost toilet. Urine is diverted to separate 5 gallon tanks and later discarded. The poop is mixed with peat and 2 years after composting in 45 gallon drums, it is the best potting soil you can imagine. But human urine &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/2021\/07\/urin8-com-why-john-why\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Urin8.com &#8211; Why John, Why?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-domaining"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2442"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2442\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2473,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2442\/revisions\/2473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domainnoob.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}